Chlordiazepoxide
/api/v1/drug/chlordiazepoxideBoxed warning
RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOIDS; ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION; and DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL REACTIONS Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ). The use of benzodiazepines, including chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride capsules, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes. Before prescribing chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride capsules and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (see WARNINGS ). The continued use of benzodiazepines, including chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride capsules, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. The risks of dependence and withdrawal increase with longer treatment duration and higher daily dose.
Mechanism of action
Sourced from openFDAMechanism-of-action classes: GABA A Modulators; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.
Indications
Sourced from openFDA- Chlordiazepoxide HCl capsules are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
Contraindications
Sourced from openFDA- Chlordiazepoxide HCl capsules are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug.contraindicated
Dosage & administration
Sourced from openFDABecause of the wide range of clinical indications for chlordiazepoxide HCl, the optimum dosage varies with the diagnosis and response of the individual patient. The dosage, therefore, should be individualized for maximum beneficial effects. ADULTS USUAL DAILY DOSE Relief of Mild and Moderate Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms of Anxiety 5 mg or 10 mg, 3 or 4 times daily Relief of Severe Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms of Anxiety 20 mg or 25 mg, 3 or 4 times daily Geriatric Patients , or in the presence of debilitating disease. 5 mg, 2 to 4 times daily Preoperative Apprehension and Anxiety On days preceding surgery, 5 to 10 mg orally, 3 or 4 times daily. If used as preoperative medication, 50 to 100 mg IM 1 hour prior to surgery. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS USUAL DAILY DOSE Because of the varied response of pediatric patients to CNS-acting drugs, therapy should be initiated with the lowest dose and increased as required. Since clinical experience in pediatric patients under 6 years of age is limited, the use of the drug in this age group is not recommended. 5 mg, 2 to 4 times daily (may be increased in some pediatric patients to 10 mg, 2 to 3 times daily) For the relief of withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, the parenteral form is usually used initially. If the drug is administered orally, the suggested initial dose is 50 to 100 mg, to be followed by repeated doses as needed until agitation is controlled up to 300 mg per day. Dosage should then be reduced to maintenance levels. *See package insert for Sterile Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride.
Warnings & precautions
Sourced from openFDARisks from Concomitant Use with Opioids Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including chlordiazepoxide, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. If a decision is made to prescribe chlordiazepoxide concomitantly with opioids, prescribe the lowest effective dosages and minimum durations of concomitant use, and follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In patients already receiving an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of chlordiazepoxide than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based on clinical response. If an opioid is initiated in a patient already taking chlordiazepoxide, prescribe a lower initial dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation when chlordiazepoxide is used with opioids. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the effects of concomitant use with the opioid have been determined (see DRUG INTERACTIONS ). Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction The use of benzodiazepines, including chlordiazepoxide, exposes users to the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death.
Adverse reactions
Sourced from openFDAThe necessity of discontinuing therapy because of undesirable effects has been rare. Drowsiness, ataxia and confusion have been reported in some patients particularly the elderly and debilitated. While these effects can be avoided in almost all instances by proper dosage adjustment, they have occasionally been observed at the lower dosage ranges. In a few instances syncope has been reported. Other adverse reactions reported during therapy include isolated instances of skin eruptions, edema, minor menstrual irregularities, nausea and constipation, extrapyramidal symptoms, as well as increased and decreased libido. Such side effects have been infrequent, and are generally controlled with reduction of dosage. Changes in EEG patterns (low-voltage fast activity) have been observed in patients during and after chlordiazepoxide HCl treatment. Blood dyscrasias (including agranulocytosis), jaundice and hepatic dysfunction have occasionally been reported during therapy. When chlordiazepoxide HCl treatment is protracted, periodic blood counts and liver function tests are advisable. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE EVENTS, contact Teva at 1-888-838-2872 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or http://www.fda.gov/medwatch for voluntary reporting of adverse reactions.
Use in specific populations
Sourced from openFDAPregnancy Advise pregnant females that use of chlordiazepoxide HCl late in pregnancy can result in sedation (respiratory depression, lethargy, hypotonia) and/or withdrawal symptoms (hyperreflexia, irritability, restlessness, tremors, inconsolable crying, and feeding difficulties) in newborns (see Warnings, Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome and Precautions , Pregnancy ). Instruct patients to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant. Advise patients that there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to chlordiazepoxide HCl during pregnancy (see Precautions, Pregnancy ) .
Overdosage
Sourced from openFDAOverdosage of benzodiazepines is characterized by central nervous system depression ranging from drowsiness to coma. In mild to moderate cases, symptoms can include drowsiness, confusion, dysarthria, lethargy, hypnotic state, diminished reflexes, ataxia, and hypotonia. Rarely, paradoxical or disinhibitory reactions (including agitation, irritability, impulsivity, violent behavior, confusion, restlessness, excitement, and talkativeness) may occur. In severe overdosage cases, patients may develop respiratory depression and coma. Overdosage of benzodiazepines in combination with other CNS depressants (including alcohol and opioids) may be fatal (see WARNINGS: Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction ). Markedly abnormal (lowered or elevated) blood pressure, heart rate, or respiratory rate raise the concern that additional drugs and/or alcohol are involved in the overdosage. In managing benzodiazepine overdosage, employ general supportive measures, including intravenous fluids and airway management.
Approval history
Sourced from openFDA- Sep 1, 1966NDANDA012750Bausch
- Jun 10, 1976ANDAANDA084768Barr
- Jun 10, 1976ANDAANDA084769Barr
- Jun 10, 1976ANDAANDA083116Barr
- Jun 15, 1976ANDAANDA084041Chartwell Rx
- Jun 15, 1976ANDAANDA084678Chartwell Rx
- Jun 15, 1976ANDAANDA084679Chartwell Rx
- Sep 21, 1977ANDAANDA085461Bausch
FAERS reports
- 1Nausea1919.3%
- 2Diarrhoea1879.1%
- 3Fatigue1778.6%
- 4Drug Ineffective1487.2%
- 5Pain1366.6%
- 6Headache1276.2%
- 7Dizziness1205.9%
- 8Abdominal Pain1135.5%
- 9Vomiting1045.1%
- 10Asthenia1014.9%
- 11Weight Decreased1004.9%
- 12Dyspnoea984.8%
- 13Arthralgia974.7%
- 14Abdominal Pain Upper944.6%
- 15Constipation934.5%
Literature
Recent PubMed references pinned to Chlordiazepoxide as a MeSH major topic. Citations link to pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- Acute chlordiazepoxide increases risky choice in rats and repeated administration attenuates this effect.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2026 · Galdieri DA, Nolder KA, Mahoney CC, et al.PMID 41974381DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2026.174198
- Solvent-induced photophysical properties and stability of clonazepam and Chlordiazepoxide.Scientific reports · 2025 · Kian R, Zakerhamidi MS, Merajin ZA, et al.PMID 41390532DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-30955-w
- Should chlordiazepoxide and diazepam be avoided when treating alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients with hepatic insufficiency?Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025 · Weintraub SJPMID 40445132DOI 10.1080/15563650.2025.2493216
- Respiratory Failure Requiring Mechanical Ventilation Among Patients Receiving Chlordiazepoxide for Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2025 · Reiter N, Otte HR, Dalhoff K, et al.PMID 40387593DOI 10.1111/aas.70046
- A novel LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous estimation of chlordiazepoxide and clidinium in human plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic assessment.Bioanalysis · 2025 · Dubey NK, Jain P, Raj A, et al.PMID 40366769DOI 10.1080/17576180.2025.2501921
- Prevalence of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care After Administration of Chlordiazepoxide in the Emergency Room.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025 · Henriksen JN, Rosenquist SB, Illum DG, et al.PMID 40070362DOI 10.1111/bcpt.70018
- Chlordiazepoxide reduces anxiety-like behavior in the adolescent mouse elevated plus maze: A pharmacological validation study.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024 · Themann A, Rodriguez M, Reyes-Arce J, et al.PMID 38986686DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173819
- Exploiting the potential of fabric phase sorptive extraction for forensic food safety: Analysis of food samples in cases of drug facilitated crimes.Food chemistry · 2024 · Jain B, Jain R, Kabir A, et al.PMID 37643513DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137191
Clinical trials
The 8 most recently updated of 8 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations naming Chlordiazepoxide as an intervention. Registration is not evidence of efficacy or safety — reference crosswalk only.
- Stellate Ganglion Block Versus Oral Medication in Treatment of Palmar HyperhidrosisCompleted · Interventional · 46 enrolled · Fayoum UniversityNCT06731101updated 2026-02-06
- Metabolism of Chlordiazepoxide in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal SymptomsCompleted · Observational · 26 enrolled · University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergNCT05563350updated 2024-05-07
- Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome With Alpha-2 Agonists and/or AnticonvulsantsCompleted · Observational · 30 enrolled · Stanford UniversityNCT05438641updated 2022-06-30
- Gabapentin for Alcohol Withdrawal SyndromeCompleted · Phase 4 · Interventional · 88 enrolled · Mayo ClinicNCT03012815updated 2022-03-24
- Gabapentin vs Chlordiazepoxide for Ambulatory Alcohol WithdrawalCompleted · Phase 4 · Interventional · 26 enrolled · VA Salt Lake City Health Care SystemNCT01573052updated 2020-08-17
- Pioglitazone as an Adjunct for Moderate to Severe Depressive DisorderCompleted · Phase 2 · Phase 3 · Interventional · 50 enrolled · Tehran University of Medical SciencesNCT01109030updated 2012-05-09
- A Study of the Use of Combination of Anti-cholinergic and Minor Tranquilliser in the Treatment of Non-cardiac Chest Pain - a Double Blind Placebo Controlled StudyUnknown · Interventional · 100 enrolled · Hospital Authority, Hong KongNCT00516854updated 2010-07-07
- Outpatient Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal SyndromeCompleted · Phase 3 · Interventional · 165 enrolled · Hvidovre University HospitalNCT00136617updated 2009-03-02
Frequently asked questions
- How does Chlordiazepoxide work?
- Mechanism-of-action classes: GABA A Modulators; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.
- What is Chlordiazepoxide used for?
- According to FDA labeling, Chlordiazepoxide carries indications including: Chlordiazepoxide HCl capsules are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.. This is a reference summary of labeled uses, not medical advice or a treatment recommendation.
- What class of drug is Chlordiazepoxide?
- Chlordiazepoxide is classified as Benzodiazepine derivatives, Benzodiazepine, GABA A Modulators, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Increased Central Nervous System GABA Activity.
- What are the brand names for Chlordiazepoxide?
- Chlordiazepoxide is marketed under brand names including Librax.
- What are the contraindications for Chlordiazepoxide?
- Chlordiazepoxide labeling lists contraindications including: Chlordiazepoxide HCl capsules are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug.. Always consult the full prescribing information and a clinician.
chlordiazepoxide is illustrative MVP content compiled from public sources. pharmacopeia is for educational and informational use only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.