Darbepoetin Alfa
/api/v1/drug/darbepoetin-alfaBoxed warning
ESAs INCREASE THE RISK OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, STROKE, VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, THROMBOSIS OF VASCULAR ACCESS AND TUMOR PROGRESSION OR RECURRENCE Chronic Kidney Disease: In controlled trials, patients experienced greater risks for death, serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, and stroke when administered erythropoiesis -stimulating agents (ESAs) to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . No trial has identified a hemoglobin target level, Aranesp dose, or dosing strategy that does not increase these risks [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 )] . Use the lowest Aranesp dose sufficient to reduce the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Cancer: ESAs shortened overall survival and/or increased the risk of tumor progression or recurrence in clinical studies of patients with breast, non- small cell lung, head and neck, lymphoid, and cervical cancers [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . To decrease these risks, as well as the risk of serious cardiovascular and thromboembolic reactions, use the lowest dose needed to avoid RBC transfusions [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 )] . Use ESAs only for anemia from myelosuppressive chemotherapy [see Indications and Usage ( 1.2 )].
Mechanism of action
Sourced from openFDAAranesp stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as endogenous erythropoietin.
Indications
Sourced from openFDA- Aranesp is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) indicated for the treatment of anemia due to: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis ( 1.1 ). The effects of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and upon initiation, there is a minimum of two additional months of planned chemotherapy ( 1.2 ).ICD-10: D64.9, N18.9
Contraindications
Sourced from openFDA- Aranesp is contraindicated in patients with: Uncontrolled hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with Aranesp or other erythropoietin protein drugs [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] .contraindicated
Dosage & administration
Sourced from openFDARecommended starting dose for patients with CKD on dialysis ( 2.2 ): - 0.45 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously weekly, or - 0.75 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously every 2 weeks - Intravenous route is recommended for patients on hemodialysis Recommended starting dose for patients with CKD not on dialysis ( 2.2 ): - 0.45 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously at 4 week intervals Recommended starting dose for pediatric patients with CKD: - 0.45 mcg/kg intravenously or subcutaneously weekly - patients with CKD not on dialysis may also be initiated at 0.75 mcg/kg every 2 weeks Recommended starting dose for patients with cancer on chemotherapy ( 2.3 ): - 2.25 mcg/kg subcutaneously weekly, or - 500 mcg subcutaneously every 3 weeks 2.1 Important Dosing Information Evaluation of Iron Stores and Nutritional Factors Evaluate the iron status in all patients before and during treatment. Administer supplemental iron therapy when serum ferritin is less than 100 mcg/L or when serum transferrin saturation is less than 20%. The majority of patients with CKD will require supplemental iron during the course of ESA therapy. Monitoring of Response to Therapy Correct or exclude other causes of anemia (e.g., vitamin deficiency, metabolic or chronic inflammatory conditions, bleeding, etc.) before initiating Aranesp. Following initiation of therapy and after each dose adjustment, monitor hemoglobin weekly until the hemoglobin level is stable and sufficient to minimize the need for RBC transfusion.
Warnings & precautions
Sourced from openFDAIncreased Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Thromboembolism: Using Aranesp to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL increases the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular reactions and has not been shown to provide additional benefit ( 5.1 and 14.1 ). Use caution in patients with coexistent cardiovascular disease and stroke ( 5.1 ). Increased Mortality and/or Increased Risk of Tumor Progression or Recurrence in Patients with Cancer ( 5.2 ). Hypertension: Control hypertension prior to initiating and during treatment with Aranesp ( 5.3 ). Seizures: Aranesp increases the risk for seizures in patients with CKD ( 5.4 ). Increase monitoring of these patients for changes in seizure frequency or premonitory symptoms ( 5.4 ). PRCA: If severe anemia and low reticulocyte count develop during Aranesp treatment, withhold Aranesp and evaluate for PRCA ( 5.6 ). Serious Allergic Reactions: Discontinue Aranesp and manage reactions ( 5.7 ). Severe Cutaneous Reactions: Discontinue Aranesp ( 5.8 ). 5.1 Increased Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Thromboembolism In controlled clinical trials of patients with CKD comparing higher hemoglobin targets (13 - 14 g/dL) to lower targets (9 - 11.3 g/dL), Aranesp and other ESAs increased the risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, thrombosis of hemodialysis vascular access, and other thromboembolic events in the higher target groups.
Adverse reactions
Sourced from openFDAThe following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: Increased Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Thromboembolism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Increased Mortality and/or Increased Risk of Tumor Progression or Recurrence in Patients with Cancer [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Pure Red Cell Aplasia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Serious Allergic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Severe Cutaneous Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Patients with CKD: Adverse reactions in ≥ 10% of Aranesp-treated patients in clinical studies were hypertension, dyspnea, peripheral edema, cough, and procedural hypotension ( 6.1 ). Patients with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: Adverse reactions in ≥ 1% of Aranesp-treated patients in clinical studies were abdominal pain, edema, and thrombovascular events ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amgen Medical Information at 1-800-77-AMGEN (1-800-772-6436) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of other drugs and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Use in specific populations
Sourced from openFDA8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The limited available data on Aranesp use in pregnant women are insufficient to determine a drug-associated risk of major birth defects or miscarriage. In animal reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, Aranesp increased early post-implantation loss at doses approximating the clinical recommended starting doses [ see Data ] . Consider the benefits and risks of Aranesp for the mother and possible risks to the fetus when prescribing Aranesp to a pregnant woman. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Data Animal Data When Aranesp was administered intravenously during organogenesis to pregnant rats (gestational days 6 to 15) and rabbits (gestational days 6 to 18), there was no evidence of embryofetal toxicity or other adverse outcomes at the intravenous doses tested, up to 20 mcg/kg/day. This animal dose level of 20 mcg/kg/day is approximately 20-fold higher than the clinical recommended starting dose, depending on the patient’s treatment indication.
Pharmacokinetics
Sourced from openFDA- Metabolism
- Adult Patients with CKD The pharmacokinetics of Aranesp were studied in patients with CKD receiving or not receiving dialysis and patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Following intravenous administration of Aranesp to patients with CKD receiving dialysis, Aranesp serum concentration-time profiles were biphasic, with a distribution half-life of approximately 1.4 hours and a mean terminal half-life (t 1/2 ) of 21 hours.
Overdosage
Sourced from openFDAAranesp overdosage can cause hemoglobin levels above the desired level, which should be managed with discontinuation or reduction of Aranesp dosage and/or with phlebotomy, as clinically indicated [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 ) ] . Cases of severe hypertension have been observed following overdose with ESAs [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .
Approval history
Sourced from openFDA- Sep 17, 2001BLABLA103951Amgen
FAERS reports
- 1Death15,92730%
- 2Hospitalisation6,11712%
- 3Off Label Use2,5274.8%
- 4Anaemia2,1254.0%
- 5Haemoglobin Decreased1,6363.1%
- 6Product Storage Error1,6233.1%
- 7Pneumonia1,4642.8%
- 8Fatigue1,4572.7%
- 9Dyspnoea1,4032.6%
- 10Diarrhoea1,3042.5%
- 11Nausea1,2552.4%
- 12Fall1,2052.3%
- 13Asthenia1,1302.1%
- 14Vomiting1,0942.1%
- 15Circumstance Or Information Capable Of Leading To Medication Error1,0522.0%
Literature
Recent PubMed references pinned to Darbepoetin Alfa as a MeSH major topic. Citations link to pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- Analysis of the carbon footprint of pharmacological treatments in advanced chronic kidney disease and peritoneal dialysis: Oral vs. subcutaneous administration.Nefrologia · 2026 · Lomas-Calatayud S, Moncho F, Gimenez-Civera E, et al.PMID 42103392DOI 10.1016/j.nefroe.2026.501504
- Changes in mean corpuscular volume after erythropoiesis-stimulating agent treatment are associated with renal outcomes in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026 · Son R, Fujimaru T, Kagimura T, et al.PMID 41579301DOI 10.1007/s10157-026-02818-9
- Darbepoetin plus slow-release IntraVenous Iron to decrease transfusions and improve iron status and neurodevelopment in preterm infants (DIVI): study protocol for a randomized, blinded phase II trial.Trials · 2025 · Juul SE, Comstock BA, Mayock DE, et al.PMID 41430711DOI 10.1186/s13063-025-09374-9
- Development of an electrochemiluminescence assay to measure serum darbepoetin concentration in extremely preterm infants.Bioanalysis · 2025 · Maxwell JR, Ohls RK, An G, et al.PMID 41392547DOI 10.1080/17576180.2025.2600914
- Safety and Efficacy of Vadadustat Versus Darbepoetin Alfa for Chronic Kidney Disease-Related Anemia in Patients Receiving Dialysis by Baseline Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Dose.Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis · 2026 · Jardine A, Burke SK, Luo W, et al.PMID 41376433DOI 10.1111/hdi.70034
- Therapeutic timing limitations of postnatal darbepoetin in a valproic acid rat model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.PloS one · 2025 · İpek ÖY, Kirboğa T, Babur E, et al.PMID 41284683DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0337294
- Comparative effectiveness of darbepoetin vs other agents in chronic kidney disease-related anemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2025 · Hassan MF, Bin Faheem MS, Cheema S, et al.PMID 41249974DOI 10.1186/s12882-025-04557-7
- Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness and malignancy development in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026 · Hashimoto N, Hayashi T, Kagimura T, et al.PMID 41145752DOI 10.1007/s10157-025-02769-7
Clinical trials
The 10 most recently updated of 241 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations naming Darbepoetin Alfa as an intervention. Registration is not evidence of efficacy or safety — reference crosswalk only.
- Anemia Therapy in Patients With Infective EndocarditisRecruiting · Phase 4 · Interventional · 74 enrolled · Rigshospitalet, DenmarkNCT07523646updated 2026-05-29
- Darbe Plus IV Iron to Decrease Transfusions While Maintaining Iron Sufficiency in Preterm InfantsRecruiting · Phase 2 · Interventional · 120 enrolled · University of WashingtonNCT05340465updated 2026-05-26
- A Phase 3 Study of Efepoetin Alfa for Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease on DialysisRecruiting · Phase 3 · Interventional · 429 enrolled · Genexine, Inc.NCT06466785updated 2026-05-22
- Effect of Single vs Repeated Cycles of a Combination of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Darbepoetin vs Standard Medical Treatment on Immunometabolic Profile in Patient With Early Decompensated Cirrhosis.Recruiting · Interventional · 60 enrolled · Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, IndiaNCT07002827updated 2026-05-22
- Impact of Medically Supervised Performance-Enhancing Substances (PES) on Elite AthletesEnrolling by invitation · Interventional · 60 enrolled · Enhanced Emirates LimitedNCT07568574updated 2026-05-06
- Effects of Vadadustat on Anemia, Quality of Life, and Inflammation in Dialysis PatientsNot yet recruiting · Phase 4 · Interventional · 40 enrolled · Mackay Memorial HospitalNCT07537816updated 2026-04-23
- Comparison Between Darbapoeitin Alpha and Roxadustat in CKD-related AnemiaCompleted · Observational · 35 enrolled · Ain Shams UniversityNCT07517744updated 2026-04-08
- Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate MT-6548 in Hemodialysis Subjects Currently Receiving ESAs With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease in JapanCompleted · Phase 3 · Interventional · 323 enrolled · Tanabe Pharma CorporationNCT03439137updated 2026-04-06
- Efficacy and Safety Study to Evaluate MT-6548 in Non-dialysis Subjects With Anemia Associated With Chronic Kidney Disease in JapanCompleted · Phase 3 · Interventional · 304 enrolled · Tanabe Pharma CorporationNCT03329196updated 2026-04-06
- Luspatercept + Darbepoetin in MDSRecruiting · Phase 2 · Interventional · 60 enrolled · Yale UniversityNCT07096297updated 2026-03-23
Frequently asked questions
- How does Darbepoetin Alfa work?
- Aranesp stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as endogenous erythropoietin.
- What is Darbepoetin Alfa used for?
- According to FDA labeling, Darbepoetin Alfa carries indications including: Aranesp is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) indicated for the treatment of anemia due to: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis ( 1.1 ). The effects of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and upon initiation, there is a minimum of two additional months of planned chemotherapy ( 1.2 ).. This is a reference summary of labeled uses, not medical advice or a treatment recommendation.
- What class of drug is Darbepoetin Alfa?
- Darbepoetin Alfa is classified as Other antianemic preparations, Erythropoiesis-stimulating Agent, Increased Erythroid Cell Production, Increased Erythropoetin Secretion.
- What are the brand names for Darbepoetin Alfa?
- Darbepoetin Alfa is marketed under brand names including Aranesp.
- What are the contraindications for Darbepoetin Alfa?
- Darbepoetin Alfa labeling lists contraindications including: Aranesp is contraindicated in patients with: Uncontrolled hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with Aranesp or other erythropoietin protein drugs [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] .. Always consult the full prescribing information and a clinician.
darbepoetin-alfa is illustrative MVP content compiled from public sources. pharmacopeia is for educational and informational use only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.