Sodium Chloride

Mechanism-of-action classes: Acid-Base Activity; Electrolyte Activity.

• This sterile, nonpyrogenic electrolyte solution is indicated for all general irrigation, washing, rinsing and dilution purposes including blood cell washing (when used in conjunction with automated intraoperative blood salvaging equipment).

• NOT FOR INJECTION BY USUAL PARENTERAL ROUTES. An electrolyte solution should not be used for irrigation during electrosurgical procedures.contraindicated

The dose is dependent upon the capacity or surface area of the structure to be irrigated and the nature of the procedure. When used as a diluent or vehicle for other drugs, the manufacturer's recommendations should be followed. For use in cell washing, the manufacturer's recommendations for blood salvaging and red cell processing should be followed. Drug Interactions Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution container permits. See PRECAUTIONS .

FOR IRRIGATION ONLY. NOT FOR INJECTION. Entry of a hypotonic solution into the circulation may cause hemolysis. Irrigating fluids have been demonstrated to enter the systemic circulation in relatively large volumes; thus, each of these irrigations must be regarded as a systemic drug. Absorption of large amounts can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of administered parenteral solutions. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of such solutions. Do not heat over 66° C (150° F).

Possible adverse effects arising from the irrigation of body cavities, tissues, cells or indwelling catheters and tubes are usually avoidable when proper procedures are followed. Displaced catheters or drainage tubes can lead to irrigation or infiltration of unintended structures or cavities. Excessive volume or pressure during irrigation of closed cavities may cause undue distension or disruption of tissues. Accidental contamination from careless technique may transmit infection. Should any adverse reaction occur, discontinue the irrigant, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

In the event of overhydration or solute overload, re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS , PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS .

• Dec 9, 1970NDANDA016677Baxter Hlthcare
• Dec 9, 1970NDANDA016678Baxter Hlthcare
• Mar 22, 1971NDANDA016697Baxter Hlthcare
• Feb 24, 1972NDANDA016366Otsuka Icu Medcl
• Dec 31, 1974NDANDA017427Baxter Hlthcare
• Aug 13, 1975NDANDA017586Otsuka Icu Medcl
• Aug 13, 1975NDANDA017606Otsuka Icu Medcl
• Aug 13, 1975NDANDA017607Otsuka Icu Medcl

Reference statistics from the openFDA drug-shortage dataset. For a live view, consult the FDA database directly. Not clinical guidance.

• Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Injection, 100 mL ADD-Vantage® Flexible Container (NDC 0409-7101-67)To be discontinued
  Sponsor: Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company
  Updated Dec 3, 2025
• Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Injection, 250 mL ADD-Vantage® Flexible Container (NDC 0409-7101-02)To be discontinued
  Sponsor: Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company
  Updated Dec 3, 2025
• Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Injection, 50 mL ADD-Vantage® Flexible Container (NDC 0409-7101-66)To be discontinued
  Sponsor: Hospira, Inc., a Pfizer Company
  Updated Dec 3, 2025

1. 1Drug Ineffective17,5066.6%
2. 2Off Label Use17,1036.5%
3. 3Fatigue14,0035.3%
4. 4Nausea13,6045.1%
5. 5Death13,2625.0%
6. 6Dyspnoea12,6734.8%
7. 7Diarrhoea11,4684.3%
8. 8Headache11,1754.2%
9. 9Vomiting10,9804.1%
10. 10Pyrexia10,8344.1%
11. 11Pain10,2933.9%
12. 12Seizure9,9863.8%
13. 13Pneumonia9,5563.6%
14. 14Rash8,0983.1%
15. 15Dizziness8,0813.1%

Recent PubMed references pinned to Sodium Chloride as a MeSH major topic. Citations link to pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

• Stability and Compatibility of an Admixture Containing Hydromorphone, Bupivacaine, and Dexamethasone in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection for Intrathecal Analgesia.
  Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026 · Wang Z, Wang F, Li Y, et al.
  PMID 42219744DOI 10.12659/MSM.952388
• Changes in chorda tympani nerve responses and preference for sodium chloride mixed with thickeners.
  Journal of oral biosciences · 2026 · Maeda C, Takahashi S, Iwata S, et al.
  PMID 42218014DOI 10.1016/j.job.2026.100788
• [Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on growth and physiological characteristics of walnut seedlings under NaCl stress].
  Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology · 2026 · Nie RN, Wu CX, Wang R, et al.
  PMID 42210460DOI 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202604.019
• Distinct Neuronal Activation in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Accompanies Baroreflex Impairment and Elevated Cardiac Sympathetic Tone in Salt-Loaded Rats.
  The European journal of neuroscience · 2026 · de Oliveira AB, Soares PS, Gomes PM, et al.
  PMID 42204842DOI 10.1111/ejn.70567
• Iodine Nutritional Status and Its Associated Factors Among Children and Adolescents in Zhejiang Province Ten Years After the Downward Adjustment of the National Salt Iodization Policy.
  Nutrients · 2026 · Jiang Z, Gu S, Kan H, et al.
  PMID 42197093DOI 10.3390/nu18101634
• Gut Microbiota as a Mediator of Dietary Salt Effects on Blood Pressure.
  International journal of molecular sciences · 2026 · Verhaar BJH
  PMID 42196499DOI 10.3390/ijms27104515
• Distinct vacuolar responses to salinity stress in the hyphal cell of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive strains of Rhizopogon roseolus.
  Fungal biology · 2026 · Amini S, Aimi T, Shimomura N, et al.
  PMID 42191240DOI 10.1016/j.funbio.2026.101759
• Non-inferiority of saline versus corticosteroid injections for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a protocol for a pilot and feasibility randomised controlled trial.
  BMJ open · 2026 · Gevers-Montoro C, Freire V, Harris PG, et al.
  PMID 42191192DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-111844

The 10 most recently updated of 20,920 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations naming Sodium Chloride as an intervention. Registration is not evidence of efficacy or safety — reference crosswalk only.

• Combined Flow and Pressure Study of Craniospinal Dynamic
  Completed · Observational · 75 enrolled · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens
  NCT05068128updated 2026-06-12
• Evaluating the Addition of the Immunotherapy Drug Atezolizumab to Standard Chemotherapy Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas That Originate Outside the Lung
  Recruiting · Phase 2 · Phase 3 · Interventional · 189 enrolled · National Cancer Institute (NCI)
  NCT05058651updated 2026-06-12
• Immunotherapy for Neurological Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2
  Enrolling by invitation · Phase 2 · Interventional · 45 enrolled · National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
  NCT05350774updated 2026-06-12
• A Study to Compare Blinatumomab Alone to Blinatumomab With Nivolumab in Patients Diagnosed With First Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL)
  Recruiting · Phase 2 · Interventional · 461 enrolled · National Cancer Institute (NCI)
  NCT04546399updated 2026-06-12
• Effects of Intravenous Injection of Erythropoietin on Hepcidin Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers
  Completed · Interventional · 14 enrolled · Rennes University Hospital
  NCT00687518updated 2026-06-12
• Phase 2 Study of Poziotinib in Participants With NSCLC Having EGFR or HER2 Exon 20 Insertion Mutation
  Terminated · Phase 2 · Interventional · 648 enrolled · Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc
  NCT03318939updated 2026-06-12
• Assessment of Interleukin-15 and Interferon Gamma in Alopecia Areata Before and After Baricitinib.
  Completed · Interventional · 20 enrolled · Benha University
  NCT07645430updated 2026-06-12
• Trans-nasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Prevention of Emergence Agitation Following Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
  Completed · Interventional · 100 enrolled · Mansoura University
  NCT07645521updated 2026-06-12
• A COMBINATION OF RECTAL INDOMETHACIN AND COLD WATER EXPOSURE OF THE AMPULLA AFTER ERCP IS SUPERIOR TO RECTAL INDOMETHACIN ALONE IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF POST-ERCP PANCREATITIS -RCT
  Recruiting · Observational · 150 enrolled · Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, India
  NCT07574970updated 2026-06-12
• DB-3Q for the Treatment of Medically Refractory Crohn's Disease
  Not yet recruiting · Phase 2 · Interventional · 36 enrolled · Direct Biologics, LLC
  NCT07625293updated 2026-06-12

Frequently asked questions

How does Sodium Chloride work?

Mechanism-of-action classes: Acid-Base Activity; Electrolyte Activity.

What is Sodium Chloride used for?

According to FDA labeling, Sodium Chloride carries indications including: This sterile, nonpyrogenic electrolyte solution is indicated for all general irrigation, washing, rinsing and dilution purposes including blood cell washing (when used in conjunction with automated intraoperative blood salvaging equipment).. This is a reference summary of labeled uses, not medical advice or a treatment recommendation.

What class of drug is Sodium Chloride?

Sodium Chloride is classified as Electrolyte solutions, Salt solutions, Sodium, Acid-Base Activity, Electrolyte Activity, Alveolar Surface Tension Reduction, Decreased Respiratory Secretion Viscosity, Increased Intravascular Volume.

What are the brand names for Sodium Chloride?

Sodium Chloride is marketed under brand names including Altamist, Aminosyn 3.5 % M, Sulfite Free, Aminosyn 8.5 % with Electrolytes, Sulfite-Free, Aminosyn II 8.5 % with Electrolytes, Sulfite-Free, Ayr Saline Nasal, BSS Ophthalmic Solution, Broncho Saline, Cleanoz Saline.

What are the contraindications for Sodium Chloride?

Sodium Chloride labeling lists contraindications including: NOT FOR INJECTION BY USUAL PARENTERAL ROUTES. An electrolyte solution should not be used for irrigation during electrosurgical procedures.. Always consult the full prescribing information and a clinician.