pharmacopeia
GET
/api/v1/drug/ciprofloxacin
2D structure
1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
SMILES C1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C32)N4CCNCC4)F)C(=O)O
InChIKey MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Mechanism of action

Sourced from openFDA

Mechanism-of-action classes: Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitors; DNA Gyrase Inhibitors; Topoisomerase 4 Inhibitors.

Cytochrome P450 1A2DNA GyraseTopoisomerase 4

Indications

Sourced from openFDA
  • Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below: Corneal Ulcers: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens * Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus (Viridans Group) * Conjunctivitis: Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pneumoniae *Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.ICD-10: H10.9

Contraindications

Sourced from openFDA
  • A history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other component of the medication is a contraindication to its use. A history of hypersensitivity to other quinolones may also contraindicate the use of ciprofloxacin.contraindicated

Dosage & administration

Sourced from openFDA

Corneal Ulcers: The recommended dosage regimen for the treatment of corneal ulcers is two drops into the affected eye every 15 minutes for the first six hours and then two drops into the affected eye every 30 minutes for the remainder of the first day. On the second day, instill two drops in the affected eye hourly. On the third through the fourteenth day, place two drops in the affected eye every four hours. Treatment may be continued after 14 days if corneal re-epithelialisation has not occurred. Bacterial Conjunctivitis: The recommended dosage regimen for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis is one or two drops instilled into the conjunctival sac(s) every two hours while awake for two days and one or two drops every four hours while awake for the next five days.

Warnings & precautions

Sourced from openFDA

NOT FOR INJECTION INTO THE EYE. Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions, some following the first dose, have been reported in patients receiving systemic quinolone therapy. Some reactions were accompanied by cardiovascular collapse, loss of consciousness, tingling, pharyngeal or facial edema, dyspnea, urticaria, and itching. Only a few patients had a history of hypersensitivity reactions. Serious anaphylactic reactions require immediate emergency treatment with epinephrine and other resuscitation measures, including oxygen, intravenous fluids, intravenous antihistamines, corticosteroids, pressor amines and airway management, as clinically indicated. Remove contact lenses before using.

Adverse reactions

Sourced from openFDA

The most frequently reported drug related adverse reaction was local burning or discomfort. In corneal ulcer studies with frequent administration of the drug, white crystalline precipitates were seen in approximately 17% of patients ( see Precautions ). Other reactions occurring in less than 10% of patients included lid margin crusting, crystals/scales, foreign body sensation, itching, conjunctival hyperemia and a bad taste following instillation. Additional events occurring in less than 1% of patients included corneal staining, keratopathy/keratitis, allergic reactions, lid edema, tearing, photophobia, corneal infiltrates, nausea and decreased vision. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact LEADING PHARMA AT 1-844-740-7500 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch

Overdosage

Sourced from openFDA

A topical overdose of ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution may be flushed from the eye(s) with warm tap water.

Approval history

Sourced from openFDA
  • Oct 22, 1987NDANDA019537Bayer Hlthcare
  • Dec 31, 1990NDANDA019992Sandoz
  • Sep 26, 1997NDANDA020780Bayer Hlthcare
  • Feb 10, 1998NDANDA020805Sandoz
  • Mar 30, 1998NDANDA020369Sandoz
  • Jul 18, 2003NDANDA021537Sandoz
  • Mar 16, 2004ANDAANDA076593Aiping Pharm Inc
  • Jun 9, 2004ANDAANDA075939Amneal

FAERS reports

View JSON
Reference statistics only. FAERS reports are voluntarily submitted and are not incidence rates, safety signals, or causal evidence. Counts reflect reporting volume — how often a reaction was reported, not how often it occurs. For decision-grade use, consult openFDA and the FAERS Public Dashboard directly.
95,823 total reports matchedLatest report Share = reports listing the reaction ÷ total matched reports. Rows can sum to >100% because a single report often lists multiple reactions.
  1. 1Drug Hypersensitivity6,1566.4%
  2. 2Pain6,0926.4%
  3. 3Fatigue6,0296.3%
  4. 4Diarrhoea5,8376.1%
  5. 5Nausea5,8366.1%
  6. 6Arthralgia5,5465.8%
  7. 7Drug Ineffective5,0865.3%
  8. 8Acute Kidney Injury4,7214.9%
  9. 9Dyspnoea4,6504.9%
  10. 10Off Label Use4,5654.8%
  11. 11Chronic Kidney Disease4,5534.8%
  12. 12Vomiting4,3504.5%
  13. 13Pyrexia4,2424.4%
  14. 14Anxiety4,1674.3%
  15. 15Headache4,0704.2%

Literature

View JSON

Recent PubMed references pinned to Ciprofloxacin as a MeSH major topic. Citations link to pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Clinical trials

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The 10 most recently updated of 430 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations naming Ciprofloxacin as an intervention. Registration is not evidence of efficacy or safety — reference crosswalk only.

Pharmacogenomics

View JSON

CPIC-curated drug–gene pairs for Ciprofloxacin. Levels describe the strength of curated evidence and guideline status — never a recommendation to test or to adjust therapy.

  • G6PDCPIC CClinPGx 3
    G6PD

Structural analogs

View JSON

Ranked by 2D fingerprint (Tanimoto) similarity over PubChem structures. Structural proximity only — not a claim of therapeutic equivalence.

Frequently asked questions

How does Ciprofloxacin work?
Mechanism-of-action classes: Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitors; DNA Gyrase Inhibitors; Topoisomerase 4 Inhibitors.
What is Ciprofloxacin used for?
According to FDA labeling, Ciprofloxacin carries indications including: Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below: Corneal Ulcers: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens * Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus (Viridans Group) * Conjunctivitis: Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus pneumoniae *Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.. This is a reference summary of labeled uses, not medical advice or a treatment recommendation.
What class of drug is Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin is classified as Antiinfectives, Fluoroquinolones, Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial, Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitors, DNA Gyrase Inhibitors, Topoisomerase 4 Inhibitors, Decreased DNA Integrity, Decreased DNA Replication, Decreased Transcription to RNA, Increased Protein Breakdown.
What are the brand names for Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin is marketed under brand names including Cetraxal, Ciloxan, Cipro, Cipro HC, Ciprodex, Otovel, Proquin.
What are the contraindications for Ciprofloxacin?
Ciprofloxacin labeling lists contraindications including: A history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other component of the medication is a contraindication to its use. A history of hypersensitivity to other quinolones may also contraindicate the use of ciprofloxacin.. Always consult the full prescribing information and a clinician.
Note. Data for ciprofloxacin is illustrative MVP content compiled from public sources. pharmacopeia is for educational and informational use only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

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