Temazepam
/api/v1/drug/temazepamBoxed warning
RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOIDS; ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION; and DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL REACTIONS Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation ( see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ). The use of benzodiazepines, including temazepam, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes. Before prescribing temazepam and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction ( see WARNINGS ). The continued use of benzodiazepines, including temazepam, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. The risks of dependence and withdrawal increase with longer treatment duration and higher daily dose. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of temazepam after continued use may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening.
Mechanism of action
Sourced from openFDAMechanism-of-action class: GABA A Modulators.
Indications
Sourced from openFDA- Temazepam capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia (generally 7 to 10 days). For patients with short-term insomnia, instructions in the prescription should indicate that temazepam capsules should be used for short periods of time (7 to 10 days).ICD-10: G47.00
Dosage & administration
Sourced from openFDAWhile the recommended usual adult dose is 15 mg before retiring, 7.5 mg may be sufficient for some patients, and others may need 30 mg. In transient insomnia, a 7.5 mg dose may be sufficient to improve sleep latency. In elderly or debilitated patients, it is recommended that therapy be initiated with 7.5 mg until individual responses are determined. Discontinuation or Dosage Reduction of Temazepam To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue temazepam or reduce the dosage. If a patient develops withdrawal reactions, consider pausing the taper or increasing the dosage to the previous tapered dosage level. Subsequently decrease the dosage more slowly ( see WARNINGS , Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions and DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE : Dependence ).
Warnings & precautions
Sourced from openFDARisks from Concomitant Use with Opioids Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including temazepam, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. If a decision is made to prescribe temazepam concomitantly with opioids, prescribe the lowest effective dosages and minimum durations of concomitant use, and follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In patients already receiving an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of temazepam than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based on clinical response. If an opioid is initiated in a patient already taking temazepam, prescribe a lower initial dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response. Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation when temazepam is used with opioids. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the effects of concomitant use with the opioid have been determined ( see PRECAUTIONS , Drug Interactions ). Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction The use of benzodiazepines, including temazepam, exposes users to the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death.
Adverse reactions
Sourced from openFDADuring controlled clinical studies in which 1076 patients received temazepam at bedtime, the drug was well tolerated. Side effects were usually mild and transient. Adverse reactions occurring in 1% or more of patients are presented in the following table: Temazepam % Incidence (n=1076) Placebo % Incidence (n=783) Drowsiness 9.1 5.6 Headache 8.5 9.1 Fatigue 4.8 4.7 Nervousness 4.6 8.2 Lethargy 4.5 3.4 Dizziness 4.5 3.3 Nausea 3.1 3.8 Hangover 2.5 1.1 Anxiety 2.0 1.5 Depression 1.7 1.8 Dry Mouth 1.7 2.2 Diarrhea 1.7 1.1 Abdominal Discomfort 1.5 1.9 Euphoria 1.5 0.4 Weakness 1.4 0.9 Confusion 1.3 0.5 Blurred Vision 1.3 1.3 Nightmares 1.2 1.7 Vertigo 1.2 0.8 The following adverse events have been reported less frequently (0.5% to 0.9%): Central Nervous System – anorexia, ataxia, equilibrium loss, tremor, increased dreaming Cardiovascular – dyspnea, palpitations Gastrointestinal – vomiting Musculoskeletal – backache Special Senses – hyperhidrosis, burning eyes Amnesia, hallucinations, horizontal nystagmus, and paradoxical reactions including restlessness, overstimulation and agitation were rare (less than 0.5%). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amneal Pharmaceuticals at 1-877-835-5472 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Overdosage
Sourced from openFDAOverdosage of benzodiazepines is characterized by central nervous system depression ranging from drowsiness to coma. In mild to moderate cases, symptoms can include drowsiness, confusion, dysarthria, lethargy, hypnotic state, diminished reflexes, ataxia, and hypotonia. Rarely, paradoxical or disinhibitory reactions (including agitation, irritability, impulsivity, violent behavior, confusion, restlessness, excitement, and talkativeness) may occur. In severe overdosage cases, patients may develop respiratory depression and coma. Overdosage of benzodiazepines in combination with other CNS depressants (including alcohol and opioids) may be fatal ( see WARNINGS, Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction ). Markedly abnormal (lowered or elevated) blood pressure, heart rate, or respiratory rate raise the concern that additional drugs and/or alcohol are involved in the overdosage. In managing benzodiazepine overdosage, employ general supportive measures, including intravenous fluids and airway management.
Approval history
Sourced from openFDA- Feb 27, 1981NDANDA018163Specgx Llc
- Apr 21, 1987ANDAANDA071456Novel Labs Inc
- Apr 21, 1987ANDAANDA071457Novel Labs Inc
- Aug 7, 1987ANDAANDA071620Actavis Elizabeth
- Jun 4, 2015ANDAANDA201781Prinston Inc
- May 23, 2016ANDAANDA203482Amneal Pharms
- Nov 23, 2018ANDAANDA211542Alembic
FAERS reports
- 1Fatigue2,8197.6%
- 2Drug Ineffective2,4266.5%
- 3Nausea2,4226.5%
- 4Pain2,2936.2%
- 5Headache2,2626.1%
- 6Toxicity To Various Agents2,1585.8%
- 7Diarrhoea1,8084.9%
- 8Dyspnoea1,7724.8%
- 9Death1,6814.5%
- 10Insomnia1,6804.5%
- 11Dizziness1,6684.5%
- 12Fall1,6444.4%
- 13Off Label Use1,6134.3%
- 14Anxiety1,5114.1%
- 15Asthenia1,4453.9%
Literature
Recent PubMed references pinned to Temazepam as a MeSH major topic. Citations link to pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- The Real-World Safety Profile of Temazepam: A 20-Year Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the Large-Scale FAERS Database.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026 · Wen Z, Liu X, Liu P, et al.PMID 41867069DOI 10.1002/cns.70836
- Identification of human hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases involved in the glucuronidation of temazepam.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2025 · Bardhi K, Coates S, Zhao M, et al.PMID 40543327DOI 10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100104
- Multimodal sleep signal tensor decomposition and hidden Markov Modeling for temazepam-induced anomalies across age groups.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2025 · Sirpal P, Sikora WA, Refai HH, et al.PMID 39875078DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110375
- Transient global amnesia predisposed by rizatriptan and temazepam.BMJ case reports · 2024 · Sanders T, Szeto CH, Parepalli D, et al.PMID 39608828DOI 10.1136/bcr-2024-263179
- Temazepam or Melatonin Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Insomnia in Advanced Cancer: A Three-Arm, Double-Blind, Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of palliative medicine · 2024 · Mendis R, Wong A, Frenkel S, et al.PMID 39304187DOI 10.1089/jpm.2024.0151
- Exposure via biotransformation: Oxazepam reaches predicted pharmacological effect levels in European perch after exposure to temazepam.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2021 · Cerveny D, Fick J, Klaminder J, et al.PMID 33901781DOI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112246
- Melatonin, temazepam and placebo in hospitalised older patients with sleeping problems (MATCH): a study protocol of randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2019 · Stenveld F, Bosman S, van Munster BC, et al.PMID 31122969DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025514
- Withdrawal from long-term use of zopiclone, zolpidem and temazepam may improve perceived sleep and quality of life in older adults with primary insomnia.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2019 · Lähteenmäki R, Neuvonen PJ, Puustinen J, et al.PMID 30295409DOI 10.1111/bcpt.13144
Clinical trials
The 10 most recently updated of 12 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations naming Temazepam as an intervention. Registration is not evidence of efficacy or safety — reference crosswalk only.
- Non Interventional Clinical Investigation of Ectoin Ear Spray in Skin Treatment of Outer Ear Canal IrritationsCompleted · Observational · 60 enrolled · Bitop AGNCT02558738updated 2026-01-30
- Brainstem Dysfunction Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Pierre Robin SequenceCompleted · Interventional · 113 enrolled · Hospices Civils de LyonNCT03423017updated 2024-01-10
- A Safety and Immunogenicity Study in Long-term Treatment of Eculizumab (JSC "GENERIUM", Russian Federation)Completed · Phase 3 · Interventional · 50 enrolled · AO GENERIUMNCT04679103updated 2020-12-28
- Effects of Hallucinogens and Other Drugs on Mood and PerformanceCompleted · Phase 1 · Interventional · 20 enrolled · Johns Hopkins UniversityNCT02033707updated 2019-05-16
- Efficacy of Wholetones® 2Sleep Music on Health and Sleep Behaviors of Healthy Adults With Insomnia SymptomsCompleted · Interventional · 44 enrolled · Jacksonville UniversityNCT03928301updated 2019-04-26
- Trial to Compare Femoral Nerve Block With Local Anaesthetic Injection for Post-operative Pain After Knee Replacement.Completed · Interventional · 199 enrolled · Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustNCT02288923updated 2019-03-28
- Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric PatientsTerminated · Phase 3 · Interventional · 407 enrolled · Hannover Medical SchoolNCT02374567updated 2018-02-28
- Comparison of Temazepam and Acetazolamide to Treat Difficulty Sleeping at High AltitudeCompleted · Interventional · 34 enrolled · Massachusetts General HospitalNCT01519544updated 2015-04-23
- Efficacy and Safety of Temazepam in HIV Seropositive Patients With InsomniaCompleted · Phase 4 · Interventional · 44 enrolled · Duke UniversityNCT02153788updated 2015-03-10
- The Treatment of Insomnia in Patients With HIV DiseaseCompleted · Phase 4 · Interventional · 44 enrolled · Duke UniversityNCT00465972updated 2013-07-30
Structural analogs
Ranked by 2D fingerprint (Tanimoto) similarity over PubChem structures. Structural proximity only — not a claim of therapeutic equivalence.
Frequently asked questions
- How does Temazepam work?
- Mechanism-of-action class: GABA A Modulators.
- What is Temazepam used for?
- According to FDA labeling, Temazepam carries indications including: Temazepam capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia (generally 7 to 10 days). For patients with short-term insomnia, instructions in the prescription should indicate that temazepam capsules should be used for short periods of time (7 to 10 days).. This is a reference summary of labeled uses, not medical advice or a treatment recommendation.
- What class of drug is Temazepam?
- Temazepam is classified as Benzodiazepine derivatives, Benzodiazepine, GABA A Modulators, Increased Central Nervous System GABA Activity.
- What are the brand names for Temazepam?
- Temazepam is marketed under brand names including Restoril.
temazepam is illustrative MVP content compiled from public sources. pharmacopeia is for educational and informational use only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.