Armodafinil
/api/v1/drug/armodafinilMechanism of action
Sourced from openFDAThe mechanism(s) through which armodafinil promotes wakefulness is unknown. Armodafinil (R-modafinil) has pharmacological properties similar to those of modafinil (a mixture of R- and S-modafinil), to the extent tested in animal and in vitro studies.
Indications
Sourced from openFDA- Armodafinil tablets are indicated to improve wakefulness in adult patients with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), narcolepsy, or shift work disorder (SWD). Limitations of Use In OSA, armodafinil tablets are indicated to treat excessive sleepiness and not as treatment for the underlying obstruction.ICD-10: G47.419
Contraindications
Sourced from openFDA- Armodafinil tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to modafinil or armodafinil or its inactive ingredients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3) ] . Armodafinil tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to modafinil or armodafinil.contraindicated
Dosage & administration
Sourced from openFDAThe recommended dosage of armodafinil tablets for each indication is as follows: OSA or Narcolepsy: 150 mg to 250 mg once a day in the morning. (2.1) SWD: 150 mg once a day, taken approximately one hour prior to start of the work shift. (2.2) Hepatic Impairment: reduced dose in patients with severe hepatic impairment. (2.3 , 12.3) Geriatric Patients: consider lower dose. (2.4 , 12.3) 2.1 Dosage in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Narcolepsy The recommended dosage of armodafinil tablets for patients with OSA or narcolepsy is 150 mg to 250 mg taken orally once a day as a single dose in the morning. In patients with OSA, doses up to 250 mg/day, given as a single dose, have been well tolerated, but there is no consistent evidence that these doses confer additional benefit beyond that of the 150 mg/day dose [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Clinical Studies (14.1 , 14.2) ] . 2.2 Dosage in Shift Work Disorder (SWD) The recommended dosage of armodafinil tablets for patients with SWD is 150 mg taken orally once a day as a single dose approximately 1 hour prior to the start of their work shift. 2.3 Dosage Modification in Patients with Severe Hepatic Impairment In patients with severe hepatic impairment, the dosage of armodafinil tablets should be reduced [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. 2.4 Use in Geriatric Patients Consideration should be given to the use of lower doses and close monitoring in geriatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ].
Warnings & precautions
Sourced from openFDASerious Rash, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: discontinue armodafinil at the first sign of rash, unless the rash is clearly not drug-related. ( 5.1 ) DRESS/Multi-organ Hypersensitivity Reactions: if suspected, discontinue armodafinil. ( 5.2 ) Angioedema and Anaphylaxis Reactions: if suspected, discontinue armodafinil. ( 5.3 ) Persistent Sleepiness: assess patients frequently for degree of sleepiness and, if appropriate, advise patients to avoid driving or engaging in any other potentially dangerous activity. ( 5.4 ) Psychiatric Symptoms: use particular caution in treating patients with a history of psychosis, depression, or mania. Consider discontinuing armodafinil if psychiatric symptoms develop. ( 5.5 ) Known Cardiovascular Disease: consider increased monitoring. ( 5.7 ) 5.1 Serious Dermatologic Reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrosis Serious rash requiring hospitalization and discontinuation of treatment has been reported in association with the use of armodafinil or modafinil (the racemic mixture of S- and R-enantiomers). Armodafinil has not been studied in pediatric patients in any setting and is not approved for use in pediatric patients for any indication.
Adverse reactions
Sourced from openFDAThe following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling: Serious Dermatologic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and System Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Angioedema and Anaphylaxis Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Persistent Sleepiness [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Psychiatric Symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Cardiovascular Events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Most common adverse reactions (≥5%): headache, nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. at 1-866-850-2876 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Armodafinil has been evaluated for safety in over 1,100 patients with excessive sleepiness associated with OSA, SWD, and narcolepsy. Most Common Adverse Reactions In the placebo-controlled clinical trials, the most common adverse reactions (≥ 5%) associated with the use of armodafinil more frequently than in placebo-treated patients were headache, nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. The adverse reaction profile was similar across the studies.
Use in specific populations
Sourced from openFDAPregnancy: based on animal data, may cause fetal harm. (8.1) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Limited available data on armodafinil use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug associated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Intrauterine growth restriction and spontaneous abortion have been reported in association with armodafinil and modafinil. Although the pharmacology of armodafinil is not identical to that of the sympathomimetic amines, armodafinil shares some pharmacologic properties with this class [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ] . Some sympathomimetics have been associated with intrauterine growth restriction and spontaneous abortions. In animal reproduction studies of armodafinil (R-modafinil) and modafinil (a mixture of R-and S-modafinil) conducted in pregnant rats (armodafinil, modafinil) and rabbits (modafinil) during organogenesis, evidence of developmental toxicity (increased embryofetal and offspring mortality, decreased fetal growth) was observed at clinically relevant plasma exposures. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defects, loss, or other adverse outcomes. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. In the U.S.
Pharmacokinetics
Sourced from openFDA- Metabolism
- Armodafinil exhibits linear time-independent kinetics following single and multiple oral dose administration. Increase in systemic exposure is proportional over the dose range of 50 to 400 mg.
Overdosage
Sourced from openFDAFatal overdoses involving modafinil alone or involving armodafinil or modafinil in combination with other drugs have been reported in the postmarketing setting. Symptoms most often accompanying armodafinil or modafinil overdose, alone or in combination with other drugs, have included anxiety, dyspnea, insomnia; central nervous system symptoms such as restlessness, disorientation, confusion, excitation and hallucination; digestive changes such as nausea and diarrhea; and cardiovascular changes such as tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, and chest pain. No specific antidote exists for the toxic effects of a armodafinil overdose. Such overdoses should be managed with primarily supportive care, including cardiovascular monitoring.
Approval history
Sourced from openFDA- Jun 15, 2007NDANDA021875Nuvo Pharms
- Jun 1, 2012ANDAANDA200043Mylan Pharms Inc
- Nov 28, 2016ANDAANDA202768Natco Pharma Ltd
- Mar 6, 2018ANDAANDA206069Aurobindo Pharma Ltd
FAERS reports
- 1Drug Ineffective1,5627.5%
- 2Fatigue1,4967.2%
- 3Nausea1,4657.0%
- 4Headache1,3966.7%
- 5Anxiety1,1745.6%
- 6Somnolence1,0965.3%
- 7Depression1,0114.8%
- 8Insomnia9674.6%
- 9Feeling Abnormal9544.6%
- 10Fall8904.3%
- 11Dizziness8704.2%
- 12Weight Decreased7433.6%
- 13Pain7063.4%
- 14Condition Aggravated6943.3%
- 15Sleep Apnoea Syndrome6253.0%
Literature
Recent PubMed references pinned to Armodafinil as a MeSH major topic. Citations link to pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- Optimizing cognitive enhancement through dopamine transporter modulation.Neuropharmacology · 2026 · Niello M, Kalaba P, Cybulska-Klosowicz A, et al.PMID 41980668DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110969
- Dyskinesia following modafinil administration in a patient with autism spectrum disorder and narcolepsy: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026 · Niijima K, Kume K, Murabayashi N, et al.PMID 41913296DOI 10.1186/s13256-026-05996-y
- Corrigendum to: Armodafinil as a Potential Pharmacological Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: A Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2025 · Lamas-Aguilar R, Diaz-Ruiz A, Navarro L, et al.PMID 41535728DOI 10.2174/1570159X23999250210110914
- Circadian rest-activity rhythm in patients with narcolepsy following modafinil treatment: Outcomes and predictive markers.Sleep medicine · 2026 · Chin WC, Chu SY, Roan TY, et al.PMID 41494329DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2025.108756
- First Spectrofluorimetric Method for Sensitive Determination of Armodafinil in Dosage Forms and Human Plasma: Greenness, Blueness, and Whiteness Assessment.Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence · 2025 · Saeed MA, Mostafa NS, Mahmoud AM, et al.PMID 41382387DOI 10.1002/bio.70380
- Toward Practical and Sensitive Fluorescence Analysis: Factorial Design-Optimized o-Phthalaldehyde Derivatization for Synchronous Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Modafinil in Plasma and Dosage Form.Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence · 2025 · Ali YY, Fares NV, Ayad MF, et al.PMID 41376117DOI 10.1002/bio.70383
- Assessing Condition-Specific Adverse Event Profiles of Modafinil for Labelled and Off-Label Uses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026 · Jung J, Youm J, Kang J, et al.PMID 41367108DOI 10.1111/bcpt.70147
- Lessons Learned From a Delayed-Start Trial of Modafinil for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026 · Virmani T, Pillai L, Landes RD, et al.PMID 41361715DOI 10.1002/acn3.70276
Clinical trials
The 10 most recently updated of 62 ClinicalTrials.gov registrations naming Armodafinil as an intervention. Registration is not evidence of efficacy or safety — reference crosswalk only.
- WAKIX® (Pitolisant) Pregnancy RegistryRecruiting · Observational · 1,329 enrolled · Harmony Biosciences Management, Inc.NCT05536011updated 2026-06-12
- Effects of Armodafinil on Cognition for Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective DisorderCompleted · Phase 4 · Interventional · 58 enrolled · Northwestern UniversityNCT00373672updated 2025-08-05
- Sleep/Wake State Assessment with Non-invasive EarbudsCompleted · Interventional · 8 enrolled · Emory UniversityNCT05066009updated 2025-02-11
- Armodafinil in Reducing Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients With High Grade GliomaCompleted · Phase 3 · Interventional · 328 enrolled · Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyNCT01781468updated 2025-01-27
- Single Agent Armodafinil for Patient-Reported Fatigue Following Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck CancerCompleted · Phase 1 · Phase 2 · Interventional · 26 enrolled · M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterNCT01330446updated 2024-02-14
- The Nuvigil and Provigil Pregnancy RegistryTerminated · Observational · 191 enrolled · Cephalon, Inc.NCT01792583updated 2024-02-05
- Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Armodafinil as Treatment for Patients With Excessive Sleepiness Associated With Mild or Moderate Closed Traumatic Brain InjuryTerminated · Phase 3 · Interventional · 49 enrolled · Cephalon, Inc.NCT00983437updated 2021-12-17
- Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Armodafinil as Treatment for Patients With Excessive Sleepiness Associated With Mild or Moderate Closed Traumatic Brain InjuryTerminated · Phase 3 · Interventional · 117 enrolled · Cephalon, Inc.NCT00893789updated 2021-12-17
- Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Armodafinil in Children and Adolescents With Excessive Sleepiness Associated With NarcolepsyCompleted · Phase 1 · Interventional · 40 enrolled · Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.NCT01624480updated 2021-11-09
- Armodafinil in Treating Fatigue Caused By Radiation Therapy in Patients With Primary Brain TumorsCompleted · Phase 2 · Interventional · 54 enrolled · Wake Forest University Health SciencesNCT01032200updated 2021-09-28
Frequently asked questions
- How does Armodafinil work?
- The mechanism(s) through which armodafinil promotes wakefulness is unknown. Armodafinil (R-modafinil) has pharmacological properties similar to those of modafinil (a mixture of R- and S-modafinil), to the extent tested in animal and in vitro studies.
- What is Armodafinil used for?
- According to FDA labeling, Armodafinil carries indications including: Armodafinil tablets are indicated to improve wakefulness in adult patients with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), narcolepsy, or shift work disorder (SWD). Limitations of Use In OSA, armodafinil tablets are indicated to treat excessive sleepiness and not as treatment for the underlying obstruction.. This is a reference summary of labeled uses, not medical advice or a treatment recommendation.
- What class of drug is Armodafinil?
- Armodafinil is classified as Centrally acting sympathomimetics, Dopamine Agonists, Increased Sympathetic Activity.
- What are the brand names for Armodafinil?
- Armodafinil is marketed under brand names including Nuvigil.
- What are the contraindications for Armodafinil?
- Armodafinil labeling lists contraindications including: Armodafinil tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to modafinil or armodafinil or its inactive ingredients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3) ] . Armodafinil tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to modafinil or armodafinil.. Always consult the full prescribing information and a clinician.
armodafinil is illustrative MVP content compiled from public sources. pharmacopeia is for educational and informational use only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.